The Definition of Performance Management Free Essays

A nearby chamber has quite recently gotten endorsement for  £15 million from the National Lottery to assemble another Arts, Media and Cultural Center yet it needs to locate the coordinating capital Money for the undertaking. It has likewise to locate the yearly running expenses of  £1 million for the new office at a similar sound as it needs to lessen its absolute Leisure and Arts financial plan by  £5 million. In what manner can execution the board and audit forms help with this perplexing choice and guarantee that powerful conveyance of the venture whenever concurred? The nearby board has three primary issues to determine from this situation. We will compose a custom paper test on The Definition of Performance Management or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now These are: 1. Coordinating the capital cash and running expenses of the proposed venture. 2. Altogether lessening the recreation and expressions spending plan, the segment wherein the proposed venture is in. 3. Keeping all significant intrigue bunches inside and remotely from the task, generally content. Be that as it may, the issues including the intrigue bunches are for all intents and purposes difficult to determine. This is expected to people’s negating needs; this makes the assignment of providing food for every individual group†s needs, which is impractical. Consequently, the board must look into the most noteworthy gathering, the general population; this incorporates the ramifications of the other serious issues. Execution the executives and survey can be a guide to this task, by breaking down the different alternatives and arrangements and settling on the best game-plan. Every one of the three principle issues might be separated into a rundown containing different sub issues, which make the general issues. Every one of these issues must be comprehended by organizing arranged by significance, so as to deliver the best answer for the venture. Execution the executives has been characterized as â€Å"a vital and coordinated way to deal with conveying supported accomplishment to associations by improving the exhibition of the individuals who work in them and by building up the capacities of groups and individual givers: (Armstrong and Baron 1998). Another definition anyway is that exhibition the executives is the methodical plan, assortment, investigation and survey of data. So as to oversee there is a need to build up and measure what might be overseen and how. For the capacity to utilize execution the executives inside the task, it should be fragmented into different segments that can be estimated over the length of the venture. The undertaking has various goals that need characterizing. These goals are generally characterized and the results typically made a decision about utilizing the five E†s: Economy: The compelling obtaining of information sources, to a great extent an incentive for cash idea. Proficiency: The proportion of contributions to yields. The proficiency level will be expanded if the yield is predictable while input levels fall, or yield is raised while input while input stays steady. Viability: The degree of objective acheivement Value: Observance of models of fairnesss. This is presumably the most critical condition for good execution. Electability: Political attestation of good execution that will demonstrate basic for endurance. These five variables help in giving boundaries to making a decision about execution. To empower estimations of the exhibition, the task should be partitioned into different areas known as achievements. To accomplish the different achievements, the chief should make an activity plan. This is a breakdown of what, where and when different exercises will happen. There are numerous issues related with open part execution the board. A portion of these issues are as per the following: There are insufficient focuses to accomplish. There will in general be an excessive number of pointers. There is a torpid revealing style, anyway the detailing frameworks will in general be free. On account of this venture for the neighborhood committee there should be a progressive system of targets, these must range from corporate to singular goals. The corporate targets for the neighborhood committee might be as per the following: 1. To configuration, assemble and delicate for the inside the spending plan distributed and inside whenever outline dispensed by the capital supplier. 2. To designate suitable assets from the neighborhood authority spending plan to empower the undertaking for the inside to continue. 3. To increment, rebuild or redirect the income spending plans of the neighborhood power to oblige the running of the middle. The instances of the destinations above are wide in setting. This is intentionally to empower any progressions through income and distributions of assets to the middle to be obliged for inside the goals. There might be policy centered issues required inside the improvement of acquiring these major corporate destinations. These may incorporate the raising of expense, the proposed focus coordinating the running expenses or potentially the designation of assets from other neighborhood authority divisions. These targets are not as barely characterized as those from the private segment or on the off chance that it were a PFI (Private Finance Initiative) venture, this is because of the need to protect that all partners might be contemplated. In spite of the fact that these goals are corporate, they generally are apportioned to a person to supervise. This technique inside the open area could cause issues inside the board; these issues are because of the chance of need to feel superior. Inside the nearby power, there are different targets which must be fulfilled, these connection and are related with the corporate goals. A model might be that the Arts and Leisure Director needs to set out his goals for accomplishing the structure and building prerequisites. Model †Objective Carry out the Tender strategy inside a half year: †Movement or achievement Action Deadline A. Name Consultant By End of Month 1 B. Support Budget By Start of Month 2 C. Settle Design By End of Month 2 D. Send spending detail By Start of Month 3 E. Assess Tenders By End of Month 4 F. Name Contract By End of Month 5 G. Complete Contract By End of Month 6 The Milestones are time related, they can be estimated and if slippage happens, move can be made to bring the arrangement back on time or exchanges can occur to support an augmentation. Another model might be that of the Director of Finance or the treasurer’s objective, for example, the accompanying: 1. Reassign spending zones and cause modifications to the portions To arrange the Leisure and Arts Budget. 2. Reallocate incomes for the proposed Leisure and Arts place for the main year of opening. 3. Develop and consider different alternatives for income age to help the running expenses of the proposed office. Every one of these targets would have various achievements, which would be tended to so as to accomplish the set target objectives. The targets and achievements stream down the association, each connecting into the one higher up the pyramid. The targets set should be connected to an audit procedure. This is a pivotal device in timing vital contention into handy activities †a switch to successfully strategy execution. The most effective method to refer to The Definition of Performance Management, Essay models

Empolyment low Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Empolyment low - Essay Example While she was on wiped out leave, it was affirmed by the respondent that she kept on giving her discussion to private patients. She was immediately excused for her gross offense for having gotten debilitated leave pay and furthermore went to private patients. Oppressed by this, she spoke to EAT guaranteeing that the no due thought was given by the NHS to any relieving components like any past clean records, employee’s long help or result of any excusal. For this situation, the council was of the assessment that once gross unfortunate behavior had been illustrated, excusal should consistently inside the ambit of satisfactory reactions. In any case, the offended party spoke to EAT against court discoveries on the ground that the work council ought not have gone to a straight end that excusal is the discipline for the gross unfortunate behavior as it neglected to offer load to any moderating components like past clear reputation, length of business and results of any excusal from the NHS. EAT agreed with her view that outline excusal for a gross unfortunate behavior will be held void if no thought has been given to other moderating components like workers past reputation, length of administration and the result of any excusal. (Morris 2013). ... It ought to be shown that the occurrence was analyzed, and palatable proof was accessible for the offense and for the representative to be educated and to get an opportunity to challenge any allegation in a run of the mill disciplinary procedure. In such cases, the direct asserted had just been set out in the preparation book or work contract; it would be profitable for the representative to demonstrate it to be a gross unfortunate behavior. Further, an intrigue procedure ought to be set up, and the worker ought to be allowed a chance to profit such an intrigue procedure. (Fenwick and Kerrigan 2011:221) The significance of the Reasonable The gravity and the idea of the culpable attitude will be seen at here. The council will ask whether the manner was so terrible as to destroy the relationship between the representative and the business or did it simply make aggravation. On the off chance that the disposition of the worker was not huge like not going to the workplace at the perfect t ime, routine truancy, the council may see it as unreasonable for the business to hop for the prompt excusal without pondering different activities or authorizations. (Fenwick and Kerrigan 2011:221) In BHS v Burchell, it was held that business needs to substantiate a sane confidence in the blame of the representative well before excusing him, especially in the event of the supposed burglary. Be that as it may, John can suspend Smith and Freeman while they are under scrutiny. Both Smith and Freeman must be addressed independently from one another. (Holland 2013:385) In Monie v Coral Racing Limited, there was vanishing of money from the protected care of the business. The litigant couldn't choose which of the two workers who was answerable for the

Most people living in the eastern United States are not

The vast majority living in the eastern United States are definitely not The vast majority living in the eastern United States don't know about an incredible contamination issue facing the western United States each winter. The issue is the snowmobile. Throughout the winter in the western and northwestern United States, streets are frequently shut down because of severe winter climate constraining occupants to utilize snowmobiles. Snowmobiles can move rapidly and easily through day off. Thusly, it is a well known winter transport around there of the nation. Snowmobiling is a famous game also all through Canada and is reliably developing in the northern United States. It additionally is famous in the colder districts of Europe. Numerous tree huggers battle that snowmobiles are a danger to untamed life, vegetation and air quality. Also, snowmobiles are boisterous machines and are commonly utilized in rustic zones upsetting the serene out-of-doors.A run of the mill snowmobile incorporates: two short skis in the front, a wide track belt, maybe, at the back, c hoke link, carburetor, fuel channel, manual starter, stockpiling compartment, bogie wheel set, fuel tank, brake shoe, suppressor, 2-chamber motor, and a directing column.Lower Yellowstone Falls closeup. Yellowstone Natio...

Indonesia the problem of trans boundary haze

Indonesia the issue of trans limit cloudiness Presentation Manageability of condition turns into an implanted eco-political worry of improvement procedure in todays globalized world. Disregarding reassuring monetary development, Transboundary fog contamination (THP) is acquiring a genuine threat to condition in South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Smoke fog came about because of land and woods fires much of the time originating from Indonesia, the biggest nation of this locale, as an outcome of unlawful logging, customary agrarian activities and some unfriendly atmosphere conditions like El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO) have forced enormous financial and natural expenses for the entire district. Alongside the steady risk of environmental change and corruption of biodiversity, the direct quantifiable effects include tremendous money related misfortune particularly for wellbeing harm, the travel industry misfortunes, and modern creation misfortunes. Singapore being the neighboring nation of Indonesia additionally endures a great deal with the end product. The individuals clamor consistently pressurizes the administration to maintain the countrys personal responsibility by relieving the financial misfortunes while instigating further worry to Indonesia. Simultaneously government additionally must be discretionary in its intra-local methodology of managing the issue. It is a troublesome recommendation and the inquiry is the manner by which best Singapore can plan its strategy to extricate best arrangement of this continuing danger. Key Issue: From Singapores point of view, the THP is a result of ecological externality. Entire situation is somewhat perplexing since under the territorial or respective system, Singapore has almost no to do to determine the issue without anyone else. Sandler (1997) contends that fog free condition in ASEAN area is non-excludable and non-rivalrous aggregative kind of open great whose complete advantage is the totting up of individual endeavors. Such a global open merchandise gives space for vital activities by nations worried that would result into problematic results. Sandler reasons that such vital methodology in this manner can make a Prisoners Dilemma if the costs counterbalance the advantages. In this unique circumstance, Lin and Rajan (2001) communicated their anxiety on disappointment of such multilateral arrangement because of clashing inclinations and needs between nations for decreasing these types of contamination. Accordingly, a reciprocal methodology towards environmental and eco- political key choices as opposed to multilateral methodology ought to be progressively powerful for this THP. In any case, as far as taking right methodology, Singapore is by all accounts into a Prisoners Dilemma like circumstance, which is the key issue to be tended to for managing this dependable issue. Why this issue is the most significant: ASEANs territorial endeavors to determine THP has been confronting hardened difficulties because of absence of ties and participation from all gatherings. Florano (2004-05) states that both 1995 ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Transboundary Pollution and RHAP of 1997 was ineffectual because of its ASEAN ways accentuation on volunteerism. Jayachandaran (2005) alludes that, Indonesia-the host of THP, has been so hesitant to execute the understandings because of its inward socio-political elements. Tan (2005) additionally contends that Indonesias outlook of non-sanction of ATHP has been upsetting viable local participation from ASEAN nations in this issue. Tacconi et.al.,(2008), notwithstanding these, focuses on the lacking of worldwide checking, consistence and investigation in ATHP. At such a bleak circumstance, Singapore independent of other influenced nations needs to choose its own methodologies dependent on generally speaking result while coming out the shocking circumstance with time. Arrangements: Alternative 1. Initiate more weight on Indonesia: There is a gathering of investigator who believe that force bi-parallel weight on Indonesia to act emphatically towards the issue. This is increasingly a political methodology. They contend for steady raising of this issue during reciprocal gatherings with Indonesian partners, which would work while reminding them about the antagonistic impact of this inaction would affect the respective relations. Truth be told, this is additionally bolstered by certain confirmations in late past. Previous outside service authority of Singapore Gerald Giam states that, Suggested Policy Actions: a. Exchange hindrances: Singapore has colossal formal and casual cross-fringe exchange with Indonesia. Truth be told, Indonesia is Singapores fourth biggest exchanging accomplice 2009 with all out exchange adding up to S$58.5 billion, up from S$75.1 billion of every 2008 (source: IE Singapores StatLink, 2010). Singapore imports palm oil and elastic from Indonesia, while Indonesia tremendously relies upon Singapore for some assembling, gadgets products and ventures. Figure shows a huge exchange advantage (estimated in net fare) for Singapore. There are additionally numerous Singapore-based MNC in Indonesia. So any sorts of exchange obstruction could make some weight on Indonesia as of now. Singapore-Indonesia reciprocal exchange (S$ Thousands):â Singapores Data 2008 2009 Imports 24,827,467 20,659,212 Fares 50,299,127 37,857,815 All out Trade 75,126,594 58,517,027 Source: IE Singapores StatLink b. Crush Other Development Projects: Singapore underpins Indonesia to set up most serious modern zone at Batam, Bintan and Karimun organized commerce zone (BBK-FTZ)where they can create electronic, shipbuilding and system stockpiling and server industry which would bring colossal monetary lift for those area of Indonesia. So decreasing the size of speculation or mechanical help would expand the weight over Indonesia. c. Provincial association against Indonesian credits approach: For mounting the weight on Indonesia, Singapore government can act to shape a gathering of victim joining different nations like Malaysia, Brunei or Thailand and spot their issue to International court for Environmental questions. Malaysia as of now has taken essential planning to do that. This would be tragic for this territorial respectability, nonetheless, enduring nations the enduring nations could yet consider that. Examination of results: Responding towards the open clamor, Singapore government may need to go for such sort of urgent approach as long as it works for some time. They can expect convenient and compelling activities taken by Indonesian government for modifying financial specialists trust in Indonesia, Indonesias worldwide distinction and ASEANs honesty would not be influenced. Be that as it may, in the more extended run, this pressurize arrangement would result unsteadiness in provincial solidarity and mix. The idea and target of ASEAN would be hampered also. Then again, this strategy would not have the option to carry any moment answer for the issue. Choice 2. Heighten Cooperation to Indonesia with area explicit two-sided ventures against THP: In a detainees situation, the collaboration procedure regularly boost the result for both the gatherings. In spite of the fact that the THP is the externality come about because of Indonesia, yet to get some positive ramifications of this issue, every single concerned gathering ought to viably act and help each other in an incorporated way so the level of danger catches time. After Sub-Regional Ministerial Steering Committee on Transboundary Haze Pollution (MSC) in November 2006, 35 fire-inclined locale in 8 areas have been distinguished into Indonesias Plan of Actions for guaranteed thought. Indonesia has welcomed ASEAN nations to cooperate to build up its capacity to handle land and backwoods fires in those fire-inclined territories. Singapore as of now has reacted decidedly to stretch out its collaboration to Indonesias State Ministry of Environment (KLH) to actualize the designs for overseeing area and timberland fires at Jambi Province. Suggested Policy Actions: a. Broaden specialized and money related backings: The US$1 million Jambi territory venture is by all accounts a triumph up until now. Ongoing investigation uncovers that the quantity of problem areas investigated from woods fires has decreased by one-fifth in most recent couple of years. So following the experience of this achievement, Singapore can broaden its collaboration with innovation and money for some different districts that straightforwardly cause issue to them. b.More bolster zones: Some proactive anticipation observing and approach can be started with most ideal craft of-states. These may include: Socialization Workshop for ranchers on Sustainable Farming (for example Developing yields without falling back on consuming) Building up the Capacity of local people in comprehension and deciphering the Satellite pictures and hotspot data Creating neighborhood land-use map Introducing Geographical Information System to encourage the observing of fire and fog and evaluate in like manner Creating air and climate observing stations Upgrade putting out fires and concealment Capacities of neighborhood individuals. c. Better observing and Positive inputs: The result of the above joint effort activities ought to be observed in normal premise and the achievement part ought to be communicated to other people with the goal that it would offer constructive hints to different countries to approach settling the durable issue. Examination of the results: Positively these coordinated effort ventures would result progressively monetary expense for Singapore. Be that as it may, government assistance ought to learn with the ramifications of similar preferred position structures. Actually, variables ought to be conveyed by the relative points of interest every nation has. For example, Singapore could offer specialized and money related help with skill in dealing with the natural contamination wide-spreading, while Indonesia would furnish with some less expensive work and different frameworks. Singapore can stretch out its help to some district particularly the Sumatra that makes more issues to it. Once more, more innovation move would likewise guarantee more profit and at last a snappier recuperation of the desperate circumstance. Picking the Option: Thinking about the accompanying three variables Ecological Sustainability Short run

Chesapeake Colonies Essay Sample

Chesapeake Colonies Essay Sample Chesapeake colonies (Maryland and Virginia) located in the Chesapeake Bay were founded in 1607. The history of the region is full of misery, deprivations, and struggle for survival. However, today this is a prosperous region famous by Chesapeake Energy or a new breed of dog. What hardship did pioneers meet on their way to profusion? Gone with Disease First settlers faced the adverse environment of harsh winters and icy water. The land greeted male immigrants from England hostilely. As a result, a high percentage of inhabitants died after suffering from numerous diseases. For example, frequent outbreaks of malaria took away more than 28% of pioneers. It is worth mentioning that more than half of the population of the region was servants. Within three years, the majority of slaves died of: Malaria; Dysentery; Typhus; Influenza; Typhoid fever. Moreover, lack of running water and poor soil increased the mortality rate and hampered the progress as the settlers were forced to fight for the prosperity of their community. Today it’s hard to say why the diseases appeared in Chesapeake Colonies in the first place. Some scientists affirm that infections were brought from England; others claim that diseases were provoked by peculiarities of the Chesapeake Colonies geographical location. However, the native-born children became immune to the diseases allowing turn the tide and built a new world in North America. Servants and Slaves Using white servants that volunteered to work for masters was common in Chesapeake Colonies several years. However, they were replaced with black workers. In 1700 the population of Chesapeake Colonies highly increased due to the importation of slaves from Africa. Tobacco Cultivation The primary reason for the occupation of Chesapeake Colonies residents was tobacco farming. With the growth of population, the production volumes increased significantly. Tobacco became the principle source of income for the settlements. To provide fast shipment, tobacco plantations were located along waterways. The merchant ships advanced along the bay in search of lucrative offers. Usually, even industrialists sold the product on these piers. Due to the tobacco cultivation, the Virginia colonists got rich making a huge amount of money. Soon, planters started to produce corn and wheat. Social Life As Chesapeake Colonies, Virginia especially, plays a prominent role in the British economy, soon after arriving the local government was settled in the county seat. The government structure contrasted with the Massachusetts Bay policy due to a governor who appointed justices. At the first stage, the infrastructure improvements included a church, store, tavern, courthouse, and several houses. It was essential for the British government to maintain the order in the colonies, especially in those making a profit. Religion In religious and political matters, this area differed enormously from the New England. For example, in Virginia established the Church of England which implicated the inhabitants must pay taxes irrespective of their own origin. However, religion had never occupied the mind of the settlers as the profit of cultivation tobacco. Besides, a lack of ministers adversely affects the relationship between members of the community and church. Interesting Facts: Water Dog Due to the Chesapeake pioneers, the world is fortunate to have a new breed of dog, well-known now as Chesapeake Bay retriever. The Chesapeake Bay is a huge land number of migratory birds. In the past, there were so many of them that with one shot in a mass of birds hunter could kill 10 or even 20 ducks! It is not strange that dogs capable of seeking the prey and retrieving all fallen ducks considered as a most valuable hunting companion. Luckily for the inhabitants of the region, by chance, a water dog was breed in the chilly chop of Chesapeake Bay. Many myths about the origin of the Retriever exist. But the most famous story involves the shipwreck happened in 1807 at the shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The crew managed to survive with two Newfoundland puppies, male Sailor and bitch Canton. Both of them were given to the men who rescued the ship team. As there were a plenty of nondescript dogs and other outcrosses on the coast, soon the Colonies has a new addition to the dogs party. The newborn puppies were trained as a water dog used for duck retrieving. Now the dogs resemble in appearance to the Labrador Retriever. This breed is well- known for adoring water and their ability to hunt. Conclusion The harsh environment took away thousands of lives of those who arrived at the land to build a new world. The settlers who were lucky to survive in the wild struggle made a fortune due to tobacco profusion. Unfortunately, the crop also ruined the soil of the region. Though nowadays, Virginia and Maryland have the greatest concentration of technology and median household income. The territory is rich in natural gas and petroleum as here situated the headquarters of Chesapeake Energy Corporation.

What is a Better Monetary System Essay - 550 Words

What is a Better Monetary System: Bargaining or Money? (Essay Sample) Content: What is a better monetary system: Bargaining or Money?Name:Institution: What is a better monetary system: Bargaining or Money? A monetary system refers to the set of mechanisms in which a government provides money to be circulated in the economy. In the majority of governments around the world, monetary systems take the form of mints, the central bank, and commercial banks (Mar, 2000). The two major forms of monetary systems used by governments around the world include commodity money based and fiat money system. The former refers to a system whereby the basic money unit is based on metallic values mainly gold and silver. Fiat money, on the other, hand encompasses a system whereby the government and central bank regulate the demand and supply of money. In other words, fiat money involves a bargaining system whereby the purchasing power determines the countrys monetary value (Flowers Zeese, 2013). Bargaining is better than money based monetary system because it is not subject to scarcity, more cost friendly, and has a high acceptability factor. The government and central bank control the supply of fiat money, unlike gold. This means that it is highly unlikely there will be a scarcity of the monetary unit. Human resources manufacture commodity money like gold, and thus supply is subject to the respective efficiency of the production unit. A good thing about fiat money is the fact that the government and the central bank can control the respective supply in the economy. It is noteworthy that the ability to control the supply of fiat money depends on the purchasing power of the countrys financial institutions (Jeffersonian, 2010). Another advantage of a bargaining monetary system is that the associated costs are rather proportional. Fiat money does not have massive production cost compared to gold money. In addition, it does not require refinement as compared to gold money. The central bank is only required to employ a small number of employees re quired to take care of the logistical functions of the bank (Jeffersonian, 2010). This makes it a popular option not only for the government but also to the citizens since they will not be required to pay high taxes to cater for the production expenditure. Consequently, this makes it more acceptable to the society. Finally, fiat money has higher acceptability factor when compared to commodity-based money. In essence, fiat money does not have an intrinsic value but rather people tend to agree with a specific value of a certain currency depending on the prevailing tender value. This means that there is no difference between a $1 bill and $ 100 bill only that people have accepted the fact a $100 has more value (Jeffersonian, 2010). This is quite unlike the case of gold money whereby the respective value is dependent on such factors as weight and quality. This enables the government to distribute wealth in the economy with much ease. In conclusion, a monetary system is vital since it d efines how a government supplies the money to the economy. The fiat money system, which is known otherwise as a bargaining system is more popular w...

The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver - 746 Words

Birds are a personal symbol for Turtle’s development. Throughout the novel, birds are tied to Turtle and major events in her life. Turtle makes her first sound when the car stops suddenly to avoid a family of quail. â€Å"I slammed on the brakes and we all pitched forward†¦ ‘I think that sound was a laugh’...In the road up ahead there was a quail, the type that has one big feather spronging out the front of its head like a forties-model ladies hat. We could just make out that she was dithering back and forth in the road, and then we gradually could see that there were a couple dozen babies running around her every which way† (Kingsolver 106-107). Turtle and Taylor have become comfortable as a family and Turtle has recovered from her previous trauma to the point that she makes audible noises and expresses herself. Just as the family of Taylor and Turtle has brought joy to the lives of Lou Ann, Mattie, Esperanza and Estevan, this disruptive family of bir ds bring joy and laughter to Taylor and Turtle. When Taylor takes Turtle to the doctor and learns the extent of Turtle’s abuse, she sees a bird that has made its nest inside a cactus. â€Å"I looked through the bones to the garden on the other side. There was a cactus with bushy arms and a coat of yellow spines as thick as fur. A bird had built her nest in it. In and out she flew among the horrible spiny branches, never once hesitating. You just couldnt imagine how shed made a home in there† (Kingsolver 137-138). Just as the bird hasShow MoreRelatedThe Bean Trees By Barbara Kingsolver Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Bean Trees, Barbara Kingsolver uses characters and symbols to show that families are not genetically made up, rather built from love and support. As Kingsolver establishes the dynamic roles of Taylor Greer upon meeting Turtle and Lou Ann Ruiz throughout the novel, she also includes the symbolic significance of the rhizobia to illuminate the message o f The Bean Trees. Kingsolver structures Taylor’s dynamic behaviors in ways that explain the definition of family. She appeals to the reader thatRead MoreThe Bean Trees By Barbara Kingsolver1342 Words   |  6 PagesMotherhood in the Bean Trees The book The Bean Trees, by Barbara Kingsolver, is a coming of age story about a young girl, Taylor, that is thrust into motherhood when a baby is left in her car. Taylor however, is not the only example of a mother in the story. There is Lou Ann and Esperanza, both literal mothers, but only one of them has their child to take care of. There is Mattie, one of the first people that Taylor meet in Tucson, and who becomes almost a surrogate-mother for both her, and alsoRead MoreThe Bean Trees, By Barbara Kingsolver1858 Words   |  8 Pagessixteenth birthday †¦ nobody could understand about Scotty †¦ But the way I see it is, he just didn’t have anybody. †¦ It was like we were all the animals on Noah’s ark that came in pairs, except of his kind there was only one† (Kingsolver 132-4). In Barbara Kingsolver’s novel The Bean Trees, Taylor mentions to Estevan her classmate Scotty Richey’s suicide. She explains that although her school had a very distinct social hierarchy, people within a class had each other for company. Scotty, however, had nobodyRead MoreThe Bean Trees By Barbara Kingsolver1281 Words   |  6 Pages Not Dependent Anaà ¯s Nin dared to question the norm of society; she asked â€Å"how wrong is it for a woman to expect the man to build the world she wants, rather than to create it herself?† The two main characters in the novel, The Bean Trees, written by Barbara Kingsolver, are two young women who share a common struggle, Taylor Greer and Lou Anne Ruiz. The book changes protagonist between Taylor and Lou Anne whom are complete opposites. However they both deal with their hardships together in TucsonRead MoreCharacters In The Bean Trees By Barbara Kingsolver1043 Words   |  5 Pagesof the characters in The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver. The Bean Trees is a tale of a girl named Taylor, who receives a baby from a stranger who is in need of help, this childs name is Turtle. 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Taylor started off as a young country girl in Pittman Country, and was traumatizedRead MoreInequality In The Bean Trees And Hard Times By Barbara Kingsolver1512 Words   |  7 PagesInequality is a hardship that most women experience in their daily life or workplace. The article, â€Å"Let’s expose the gender pay gap† by the New York Times, â€Å"Hard Times† by E. Royston Pike, and the novel, â€Å"The Bean Trees† by Barbara Kingsolver, all represent the struggles females endure by their colleagues or powerful people around them. Women have suffered from inequality in the workplace for as long as we have been alive because we are considered the weaker sex. Often times the adversity a personRead MoreTransformations in The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhen thinking of birds, visualizing them building their nests in cacti certainly isnt the first thing that comes to mind. In the book, The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolve r, metaphorically everyone is constantly building their nests in cacti, and evolving from their experiences. From living in attics to taking trips across the country with no destination, characters in this book dont live what society considers the â€Å"conventional American lifestyle.† Growing and thriving in unexpected and unusualRead MoreTaylors Life Choices in The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver783 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, protagonist Taylor Greer is not your average teenage girl from Pittman, Kentucky. Taylor refuses to remain in her hometown forever, which only leads to teenage pregnancy and motherhood until death. On a mission to escape Pittman’s stereotypical teenage girl image, she buys a ‘55 Volkswagen and embarks on a journey west. Just when she thinks she is home free, Taylor is left with an abandoned three-year-old American Indian girl. Ironically, Taylor ends upRead MoreTraditional Gender Roles In The Bean T rees By Barbara Kingsolver1609 Words   |  7 PagesBarbara Kingsolver’s modern romance, The Bean Trees, tells the story of a young woman named Taylor Greer. Taylor is born in a small rural town and â€Å"gets away† so she can do bigger and better things. While driving cross-country, a woman leaves her a small child. Taylor raises names and raises this child, Turtle. She moves in with another single mom and works for Mattie, a woman who smuggles refugees. Taylor has multiple moments of lost innocence as she learns the true evils of the world, and she uses

Graduation Speech College And Pursue A College Degree

In America, some go to college and pursue a college degree. With a college degree you can do a lot of things. Also, generally speaking obtaining a college degree will get you a job that would make more money than a job without a degree. Making more money leads to better quality of life in America because of the many different doors that open up for you and your family, also it allows have you have some extra money to spend. In America, college is expensive, and leaves a very large number of students leaving college with a lot of debt. Student debt is something that often times is being paid off for most of their life. Some people see this as a problem and other see it as a system that is working but with issues. After the recent 2016†¦show more content†¦In America, it is Win-lose situation for going to college, you need the degree to get a better life for yourself. However, if you go you leave with long term debt and if you don’t go it limits your job opportunities and an opportunity for a better life. This is a part of the system that America has built for higher education for its citizens. The cost of college is rising and making it harder and harder for people to afford. It has now become a big issue in America. â€Å"The mother of all problems in higher education today is high tuition at public colleges and universities, which forces students into decades of debt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Wiener) Tuition has risen dramatically over the years and it is hurting graduated students and incoming students in different ways. Future students have to deal with paying high costs and graduated or past students have to deal with the student debt long after school. For example, the University of California cost to attend is so much that it actually forced students who couldn’t afford it to choose a different school. (Wiener) This is a problem that is common with high school grads that can’t afford high tuition rates. This is where some think that the educational system is unfair and where it doesn’t work. According to Jon Wiener, tuition free would drive out for-profit schools and it would help because, â€Å"For profit colleges represent predatory capitalism at itsShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of College Education975 Words   |  4 Pagesschool graduation is what counts when you go out looking to make a career for yourself. Going into the start of high school parents, teachers, counselors, and many other administrators prep you for the path you need to take to college. An education that is beyond your senior of high school can be very beneficially to shaping your life and helping with many accomplishments you wish to have. A college education is something that shapes and helps develop you into an adult. Hence, going to college can helpRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Speech848 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of how they connect with the audience. Steve Job’s speech during the Stanford’s grad uation was inspiring to many of the college graduates. Many people think in order to be successful a college degree is mandatory. Even if they do not like what they are doing. People should love what they do, and should not follow dogma. With his speech, Steve Job’s convinced the multicultural population at Stanford University to be prominent and to pursue their passion by relying on three personal stories inRead MoreWalden University And My Future802 Words   |  4 PagesI am finally at the end of my journey and my graduate degree from Walden University is almost in my hand. Walden has asked me to give a speech at the graduation ceremony. When I was asked to do this, I was not sure what I would say. I spent some time thinking about my past year at Walden, and all of the things that I learned. I went from not knowing what to say when I was originally asked to having an abundance of things I could say about Walden. My future is bright thanks to Walden UniversityRead Mor eCollege And The Inherent Expectations879 Words   |  4 PagesCollege and the Inherent Expectations Unbeknownst to its Participants Although some speak of college serving only as a stepping-stone into a career, the intended outcomes and goals of this four-year institution reach much farther. These objectives provide for a more fulfilling experience overall, but are seldom spoken of in the classroom. By pursuing a university degree, students sign into a contract laced with expectations – expectations of civic responsibility, public service, and participationRead MoreWhat is the Purpose of College? Essay example1366 Words   |  6 PagesA college education gives a person the opportunity to be successful in life, either financially or morally dependent on the goals that they set for their life. They will choose a college that offer programs for the major of their choice, where they will specialize and receive a degree. The decision to pursue a higher education will give the opportunity to earn a better income over someone who does not have a degree. College is more of life preparation course that will help m ake sure a successfulRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing992 Words   |  4 Pagesare there after me. Graduation was one of the better days of my young life. If you haven’t figured it out, I was not a fan of high school. They couldn’t pay or beg me enough to teach at any high school here in the county, hence why I am teaching at the middle school level, as my middle school days were sadly, the best days of school I ever had. I was miserable all three of the years that I spent here, the fourth where I left classes here to pursue community college instead as even that was betterRead MoreThe Importance Of A Career Education1189 Words   |  5 PagesCollege is a costly but worthwhile endeavor that any high school graduate should strive for. But the question on most high school graduates minds is about what to study in college and dedicate the rest of there life to. Many students pursue a liberal education or a career education in college. In my opinion a career education is an important use of a college education because it is more applicable than a liberal arts educa tion in a job setting in todays capitalist society.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people assumeRead MoreWhy Education Is Not An Economic1398 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Education is Not an Economic Panacea 1. What arguments is Marsh making about the relationship between inequality and education in the United States? How does he distinguish his position from other common arguments about the degree to which education, especially higher eduction, can or cannot serve as a panacea for social ills in this or other countries? Marsh is saying that education is not the way to fix low income and poverty. It is the other way around, to improve educational services forRead MoreWhy I Am An Engineer926 Words   |  4 Pageswith data management knowledge, analytical capability and problem-solving skills. I, Bhaskar Nayak am an Engineer in Information Science from Sapthagiri College of Engineering, a reputed institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University. I am applying for the admission to Master’s program in Business Intelligence and Analytics. The goal to pursue a career in the field of business has always been part of my plans since my early teen years. I believe that the interest I possess leads to continuousRead MoreThe Debt That Affects Young Students1270 Words   |  6 Pageshopes of joining a college. Sadly, for countless students, they remain financially unable to receive the education they need. I propose that you consider Bernie Sander’s introduced bill â€Å"College for All Act†. You have recognized the crippling debt that affects young students, and even launched a plan making low interest rate grants and loans available. You’ve shared how you believe that college is where people pursue their dreams, on the other hand, paying more for college is in fact pressing

Cafs Irp - 975 Words

Introduction Research question: ‘What role does bilingualism play in educational development? Hypothesis: In my opinion bilingualism plays a major role in the educational development of children. This is because research has shown that children who are fluent in their home language are more successful in learning a second language. Furthermore, being bilingual offers greater sensitivity to language, more flexibility in thinking and better ear for listening. It also improves a child’s understanding for the native language. Moreover, knowledge of other languages increases a career of opportunities offering several job options. I will briefly give definitions of key words in my research question- * Role: proper or customary function†¦show more content†¦Interviewing a wide range of people will ensure that I have enough information and knowledge on bilingualism and the role it plays in educational development. * Literature review: This will allow me to gather a range of information, from a variety of sources such as; textbooks, internet, journals, research papers, and books specific to topic area. How I will conduct my research- The primary and secondary research will both be conducted over a number of weeks during the period of time I have to complete my IRP. Also, throughout the duration of the time I have to complete my IRP I will be completing my diary, which I will record everything I have found. My primary data will be collected over a number of weeks. This will include me personally going out and interviewing students and teachers also give out my questionaries. My secondary data on the other hand will be conducted by going out and researching existing information about my chosen topic. I will also browse the internet for relevant and rather useful information, read through books and textbooks. Ethical and bias considerations- When conducting an independent research project of any form, one must take into consideration ethical and bias issues. Throughout my research I will be keeping in mind the ethical and bias considerations. Also, to avoid any dilemmas I have made it an option on my questionaries for the participant to putShow MoreRelatedCAFS IRP - Depression in youth5596 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿Patrick burgess IRP Depression and its affects of youth Table of contents Abstract: 5 Acknowledgements: 7 Introduction: 8 Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death experienced by an individual for over two weeks and it affects the following needs listed in the Groups in Context unit. 8 Methods of data collection: 13 ResultsRead MoreCafs Irp How Does Drinking Alcohol Affect the Wellbeing of Teenage Girls (Between the Ages of 14-174944 Words   |  20 Pagesdrinking alcohol has on teenage girls and their wellbeing. This IRP demonstrates the consequences teenage girls may face when drinking alcohol by consisting of reliable and relevant information and research regarding the topic. The research included in this IRP consists of Primary sources, including surveys which provide statistics throughout a percentage of people, and interviews which provide information in depth. The research in this IRP also consists of secondary sources, including Newspaper articlesRead MoreCafs I.R.P Study Notes1352 Words   |  6 PagesCAFS Study Notes - Research Methodology Methodologies: Quantitative research Collects numerical data that can be quantified. Research with numbers. Focus on measuring, collecting and drawing relationships through statistical analysis and experimentation. E.g.: questionnaires, interviews and experiments. Benefits: Objective and reliable, less subject to bias of researcher. Qualitative research Collecting Information not involving numbers. Focus on small numbers of people and produceRead MoreMarriage Equality For Same Sex Couples1480 Words   |  6 Pagesily Studies Interest Research Project Marriage Equality for Same-Sex Couples in Australia. Tiarne Milton Year 12, CAFS Mrs Stamoudis Table Of Contents Abstract/summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Acknowledgments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Review of existing research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The Common Workplace Issues Of Communication - 844 Words

Communication One of the most common workplace issues that most companies deal with at some point in their business development is communication. Communication is one of the most important skills needed to be successful in the business world, but it also can be one of the most difficult things a company has to go through and learn how to do in both an effective and efficient way. Each employee has a different personality and way of doing certain things, so in turn, each employee also has his or her own way of communicating. To be an effective manager, one has to realize each employee’s way of communication and try to use that to benefit conversations and meetings in the future. As John Kikoski stated in his publishing on effective communication, â€Å"Managers devote more time to communicating on the job than any other activity. Approximately 75 percent of a manager’s day is spent communicating—listening, speaking, reading, and writing† (1993). Keeping the lines of communication open are very important to keep a business successful and to also keep the employees happy and satisfied with their jobs. Communication in Effective Managers The bosses and managers at my workplace all operate under the â€Å"open door policy,† so all employees are free to come into their offices when needed. Whether it be a question about a project, a concern on one of our procedures, or to have a discussion about a new idea to help a process more efficient, we are more than welcome to come talk with them. IShow MoreRelatedConflict in the Workplace1641 Words   |  7 PagesNot everyone is going to get along on a daily basis. There’s going to be conflicts in every environment especially in the workplace. Conflict is a typical phenomenon of people’s relationship in workplace. Conflict is a fact of life. Conflict is hard to define because every situation is different in every different workplace. Conflict is a job not easily handled, and it can be really destructive if not properly taken care of. The Webster’s Dictionary (2001) defines conflict as a battle; clash; orRead MoreCombination of Required Skills: The N urse Leader and Nurse Advocate in the Workplace1029 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Combination Of Required Skills: The Nurse Leader And Nurse Advocate In The Workplace Introduction This work intends to examine the combination of skills needed in combining the role of nurse leadership and nurse advocate in the workplace. Toward this end, this study will conduct a review of the literature in this area of inquiry and report findings on what has been garnered during the course of the study. I. Shared Governance and Work Place Advocacy The work of Green and Jordan (2004) reportsRead MoreHow A Supportive Climate On The Workplace Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pages How to Build a Supportive Climate in the Workplace Barbara Linzy Shannon McDaniel Communications 210 Partner Project 11/15/16 How to Create a Supportive Climate in the Workplace Friendship and workplace: Humans are social animals. As we spend more and more time at our perspective workplaces, interpersonal relationships become vital. â€Å"According to the Gallup Organization, people who have a best friend at work are seven times moreRead MoreEthical Issues Of Business Environment850 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment, companies can face a number of ethical issues that require making hard and often dissatisfying decisions. In this context, it is necessary to mind ethical norms as well as results of actions taken in order to keep the efficient communication across companies and keep the right balance in communication with colleagues, subordinates as well as mangers (Horton, 2015). Taking into consideration that there can be distinguished a range of ethical issues that pertain only to certain types of organizationRead More Disclosure in Work Environments Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesOpen communication between individuals is very important. This quality is what makes relationships run smoothly between two or more individuals. Barnett, Cochran and Taylor explored significant relations between the openness of communication between management and employees in a previous study (1993). These researchers found that employees expressed concerns and the level of internal disclosures by employees in the study (Barnett et al., 1993). Barnett, Cochran and Taylor also found in theirRead MoreWorkplace Diversity: Communication between Management and Employees1517 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Diversity: Communication between Management and Employees Workplace challenges come in many forms. One of those challenges is communication, whether verbal or nonverbal, between co-workers or between management and employees. Businesses currently are being affected by communication issues that are hindering production, satisfaction, and employee retention (Salahuddin, 2010). Communication is a vital key to effective and good management. Face-to-face communication is always the bestRead MoreThe Importance Of An Undergraduate Business Management Student1535 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness world, a key component to the productivity within the workplace is communication. As an undergraduate business management student, an important part of communication is understanding the difference between maintaining the faà §ade of an authoritative figure or maintaining a friendly relationship with employees and how it would affect the attitudes, behaviors, productivity and quality of work. In order create a successful workplace environment, finding and establishing a middle ground betweenRead MoreAdult Bullying And The Workplace1555 Words   |  7 Pages Adult bullying in the workplace has become quite commonplace and its consequences can be far-reaching. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 146 million Americans are employed in the United States, and an estimated 54 million of those are bullied at work (Namie, 2007). These statistics are staggering. Bullying is defined as a combination of verbal abuse and behaviors that are humiliating, threatening, or intimidating and create harm (health, social, or economic) to individuals and mayRead MoreCommunication Barriers in Workplace1252 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Communication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. What are the Communication Barriers in the Workplace? Difference in Perception No two people can perceive an event in the same way. What I infer from a particular incident, the other will not necessarily perceive the same. ThisRead MoreCommunication Is A Human Relationship Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is one of the most loosely defined terms in cultural studies. It encompasses a whole variety of experiences, events, actions and multitude happenings. The English world communication has been derived from latin word ‘communis’ which means to make common. In the simplest words, communication is a human relationship involving two or more persons who come together to share their views on a particular topic or to resolve a particular issue. The contemporary period has been labeled as the

Use of Literary Techniques by Jon Krakauer When Writing...

In the novel â€Å"Into the Wild† by Jon Krakauer, Krakauer tells the story of a Chris McCandless through different points of view perceived from people close to him. Despite the fact the Krakauer did not personally know Chris McCandless, Krakauer uses opinions from himself and others to help conclude meaning and impact behindMcCandless’s journey. Krakauer introduces events in the story in an order such that it also introduces the significance behind them. These techniques help the reader conclude the mystery behind Chris McCandless’s journey. In the novel, Krakauer mentions that Chris McCandless’s changed his name to Alexander Supertramp, in which many of the people that he came in contact with called him. In the novel Krakauer introduces†¦show more content†¦Did the author consider that maybe these people shared exact or similar beliefs as McCandless? However, I believe that this novel may have encouraged this type of behavior by presenting Chris McCandless as an archetype for the idea of the way you want to. From the details told by Gallien, Krakauer notes that Gallien was concerned that Alex only contained a ten-pound bag of rice, a rifle that was a .22 caliber and â€Å" no ax, no bug dope, no snowshoes, and no compass† that are essential to survival in the wilderness. As analyzed in the dialogue between McCandless and Gallien, McCandless appears as the type of person who believes that nothing is inevitable. McCandless’s journey can be seen as an act of bravery or idiotic depending on you r opinion, but this story also teaches society valuable lessons on life. The story McCandless’s lifestyle persuades society to examine and observe the world from a different person’s perspective. It is believed in Krakauer’s novel that McCandless alienated himself from society because he was upset to learn that his father was a bigamist and others believed that he went to find himself through exploration. His journey teaches the larger picture of life such as living life in a way that makes you happy- a message shown in journals written by McCandless. Although he knew he was in danger he made no attempt to receive help and his journal entries portray no evidence thatShow MoreRelatedUse of Literary Techniques in Into The Wild, by John Krakauer1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe author skillfully uses literary techniques to convey his purpose of giving life to a man on an extraordinary path that led to his eventual demise and truthfully telling the somber story of Chri stopher McCandless. Krakauer enhances the story by using irony to establish Chris’s unique personality. The author also uses Characterization the give details about Chris’s lifestyle and his choices that affect his journey. Another literary element Krakauer uses is theme. The many themes in the story attract

Frankenstein and Industrialization Essay Example For Students

Frankenstein and Industrialization Essay How did the changes brought about by the factory system challenge the family? How do some of the authors included in Chapter Four, in Rogers, treat this issue? Does Mary Shelley have any insights or criticisms with regard to the family and industrial society?The changes brought about by the factory system changed drastically the whole family structure. This is especially evident from the way children and women were treated in the industrial society. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein discusses changes within the family from two different perspectives one of which is Victors and the other one that of the creature. The Industrial Revolution created a unique new category of people who were dependent on their job alone for income, a job from which they might be laid off without any reason. The factory worker had no land, no home, and no source of income but his job. Working in the factory meant more self-discipline and less personal freedom for workers. The system tended to depersonalize society and reduced workers to an impersonal status. This Economy powered by machines, turned people into machines as well. Even though life overall was improving, the industrialism brought misery to the workers and their families. Family structure and gender roles within the family were changed by the growth of the industrial society. Families as economic unit did not exist anymore. Productive work was taken out of the cottage. A new pattern of family life emerged. Families now worked on factories and mills for people they did not know. Production was the key in the industrial society and family was a minor issu e. Families were less closely bound together than in the past the economic link was broken. Children became an essential part of the factory system. Little children could work in such areas where a normal-sized adult would not fit. So factory and mine owners depended on child labor greatly. They especially depended on children who were good with their hands and parents realizing an extra income often forced their children into work. As a result, children got abused and injured constantly. In Aspects of Western Civilization, Rogers refers to different accounts of children being physically deformed for life as a result of their employment. He also provides statistics on childrens death causes, which include causes like: falling down the shafts, drowning in the mines, suffocating of choke-damp. An imperfect abstract from the registration of deaths for the year 1838, gives a total, in p. 177-178Perry Rogers also includes Friedrich Engels work The Impact of the Factory System on Women and the Family. Engels discusses the conditions that women were put into due to the Industriali zation. The family unit was broken down when women started working for the factories because they would work more than thirteen hours a day. This kind of employment left the women no time for the family functions such as cooking diners and caring for children. Very often women would come back to work three days after the childbirth. Women had no time nor health to care for their children the regular way. It is noted that in factory districts some parents used narcotics to keep their children still. Dr. Johns, Registrar in Chief for Manchester, is of opinion that this custom is the chief source of the many deaths from convulsions. p.186Mary Shelley discusses the family issues in Frankenstein as well. She starts by talking about Victors obsession with science and how it influenced his family bond. Victors interest in science begins when at fifteen he witnessed a huge oak tree blasted by a lightning bolt. This event caused him to forgo his former readings and begin studying natural phe nomena, especially the subjects of electricity and galvanism. This could be paralleled to Industrial Revolution in Victor Frankensteins life time of transition. It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in its highest sense, the physical secrets of the world. (chapter 2) This desire led Victor to creating life just like the desire of

Education history Essay Example For Students

Education history Essay What factors in society ended sectarianism in schools, and made them secular?Probably no single movement so greatly affected colonial America as the Protestant Reformation. Most of the Europeans who came to America were Protestants, but there were many denominations. Lutherans from Germany and Scandinavia settled in the middle colonies along with Puritans and Presbyterians. The Reformation was centered upon efforts to capture the minds of men, therefore great emphasis was placed on the written word. Obviously schools were needed to promote the growth of each denomination. Luthers doctrines made it necessary for boys and girls to learn to read the Scriptures. While the schools that the colonists established in the 17th century in the New England, southern and middle colonies differed from one another, each reflected a concept of schooling that had been left behind in Europe. Most poor children learned through apprenticeship and had no formal schooling at all. Those who did go to eleme ntary school were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion. Learning consisted of memorizing, which was stimulated by whipping. The first basic textbook, the New England Primer, was Americas own contribution to education(Pulliam, Van Patten 86). Used from 1609 until the beginning of the 19th century, its purpose was to teach both religion and reading. The child learning the letter a, for example, also learned that In Adams fall, We sinned all. As in Europe, then, schools in the colonies were strongly influenced by religion. This was particularly true of schools in the New England area, which had been settled by Puritans and other English religious dissenters. The school in colonial New England was not a pleasant place either, physically or psychologically. Great emphasis was placed on the shortness of life and the torments of hell. Like the Protestants of the Reformation, who established vernacular elementary schools in Germany in the 16th century, the Puritans sought to ma ke education universal. They took the first steps toward government-supported universal education in the colonies. In 1647, Puritan Massachusetts passed a law requiring that every child be taught to read. It being the chief object of that old deluder, Satan, to keep men from the knowledge of the scriptures,it is therefore ordered, that every townshipafter the Lord hath increased them to the number of fifty householders,shallappoint one within their town to teach all children as shall resort him to read and write. It is further ordered, that where any town shall increase to the number of one hundred familiesthey shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the university. Old Deluder Satan Act.Massachusetts Laws of 1647(Pulliam, Van Patten 51)Puritan or not, virtually all of the of the colonial schools had a clear-cut moral purposes. Skills and knowledge were considered important to the degree that they served religio us ends and trained the mind(Gutmann 180). Early schools supplied the students with moral lessons, not just reading, writing and arithmetic. Obviously, the founders saw it necessary to apply these techniques, feeling that in was necessary that the students learn these particular values. As the spirit of science, commercialism, secularism, and individualism quickened in the Western world, education in the colonies was called upon to satisfy the practical needs of seamen, merchants, artisans, and frontiersmen. The effect of these new developments on the curriculum in American schools was more immediate and widespread than its effect in European schools. Practical content was soon in competition with religious concerns. Vocational education was more significant in the Middle colonies than elsewhere in colonial America. The academy that Benjamin Franklin helped found in 1751 was the first of a growing number of secondary schools that sprang up in competition with the Latin schools. Fran klins academy continued to offer the humanist-religious curriculum, but it also brought education closer to the needs of everyday life. Teaching such courses as history, geography, merchant accounts, geometry, algebra. These subjects were more practical, seeing as how industry and business were driving forces in the creation of the United States, while religious classes could not support a family or pay the debts. By the 1880s the United States was absorbing several million immigrants a year, a human flood that created new problems for the common school. The question confronting educators was what to teach to educate and prepare them for the work force. Religion was still an important part of their lives but with so varied a population it was impossible to teach any one and families kept their members involved in the church and children learned about religion through Sunday school and by being active in church social gatherings. Hydrocephalus EssayPulliam John D., James Van Patten. History of Education in AmericaNew Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1999. Ravitch, Diane The Troubled Crusade: American EducationBasic Books: New York, 1983.

History Essay Sample Outline - Are You Looking For the Best Essay Outline?

History Essay Sample Outline - Are You Looking For the Best Essay Outline?If you are looking for a good place to start with your history essay sample outline, you have come to the right place. This article is going to give you some tips that will help you get the most out of your outline.When it comes to studying, there are no shortcuts. You need to learn by doing. You do not want to be too rigid and throw away everything you have learned before you start writing. You will start to lose focus if you don't have a good outline.Start with a good outline. An outline is just a way to organize your thoughts. It will make it much easier to keep track of what you have learned and it will give you a way to organize your thoughts. If you are not very good at organization, think about hiring a professional to do this for you.In order to have a good outline, you will want to divide your essay into chapters. The chapters will be the heart of your outline. When you start your outline, you will wan t to have chapters in place that will give you a good structure.For example, if you are writing a piece on the Spanish invasion, you will want to have a chapter about the Spanish Invasion. Make sure you break the first chapter up into a series of five or six points. The points should give you a good idea of what you want to cover in the rest of the chapter. After you have the structure in place, it will be much easier to organize your thoughts.Don't be afraid to have more than one outline. The more you have going, the better you will be able to structure your thoughts. If you use two or three outlines, it will take you a while to find all the ways that you can structure your thoughts. When you use more than one outline, you will be able to better organize your thoughts and you will have a better overall outline.If you plan on using an outline, it is important that you take your time and be organized. Otherwise, you will be wasting time and not getting any benefits from it.

Botanical Beverage from Ixora Coccinea Linn Petals Essay Essay Example

Botanical Beverage from Ixora Coccinea Linn Petals Essay Essay The construct of utilizing fresh comestible flowers in cookery is non new. Today. many eating houses use different flowers in their ingredients for an alien gustatory sensation and for a touch of elegance. Some flowers are used for comeuppances ; different flowers are assorted together in doing salads. But who could hold guessed that with the usage of creativeness. its sweet juice can be made into a delightful thirst quencher. Ixora Coccinea Linn. normally known as santan. is really popular during the early yearss. wherein the kids love sipping its nectar. The research workers were reminded of this activity when they saw a telecasting commercial screening that the nectar was being sipped by the grownup and the kid seeking the same. It gave the research workers an thought of utilizing santan flowers in doing a juice that would be healthy. alimentary and delightful that can be an alternate gustatory sensation quenchers for carbonated drinks or softdrinks found harmful to our organic structure. In surveies made. it was found out that excessively much consumption of soda drinks can do diabetes. fleshiness and bone loss. We will write a custom essay sample on Botanical Beverage from Ixora Coccinea Linn Petals Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Botanical Beverage from Ixora Coccinea Linn Petals Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Botanical Beverage from Ixora Coccinea Linn Petals Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Statement of the Problem The research workers sought to reply the undermentioned inquiries: a. Can Santan flowers be used as an ingredient in doing a bracing drink while happening out if it is safe to imbibe? B. Make the extraction methods affect the colour. gustatory sensation and nutritionary composing of the Ixora Coccinea Linn drink? c. Are their gustatory sensations acceptable? d. Are their gustatory sensation comparable with that commercial drinks in the market today? Significance of the Study With this survey. the research workers can larn that Ixora Coccinea Linn ( Santan ) flowers are non merely used for ornament and shows. but are besides used to make a delicious nutrient and drink. Many thirst quenchers that are in the market today. like carbonated drinks. may harm our organic structure. So the research workers made it possible for you to seek something new that can slake your thirst. fulfill your gustatory sensation buds that is certain to be alone savoring and healthy. The community will hold a find of the beautiful gustatory sensation of santan flowers and derive more cognition and creativeness on its utilizations and what they can do out of it. Filipinos will hold a new and refreshfully healthy juice made of santan flowers which are certain to pull people. We will hold an original and delightful tasting drink which can be enjoyed by every member of the household. Scope and Limitation of the Study The group tried to come up with information that could assist them calculate more about the nature of the santan juice for about a month. Each member of the group got the information they needed from the Internet. The group used legion orange santan flowers. These flowers were boiled and used its juice as the merchandise. The group did non pass much since the stuffs they need are found in the surrounding and in their abodes. The santan juice as a merchandise would hold non been completed without the tools and techniques involved. The tools used in different techniques involved in doing the santan juice were saucepan. strainer. flavorers ( calamansi infusion and sugar ) and H2O. The techniques that were used were cleaning. warming. and pull outing activities. In carry oning this survey. the research workers had a hard clip in carry oning the experiments due to clip restraints. Besides. there was deficit of santan flowers. The flowers are excessively little. that is why the research workers need to hold every bit many flowers as they can. since they have to make several methods of pull outing the juice. Methodology Collection and Preparation of Materials Ixora Coccinea Linn flowers ( santan ) were collected from the adjacent abodes. The petals were washed exhaustively and dried. Three cups of distilled H2O was heated in a saucepan. Equally shortly as the H2O began to boil. the dried flowers of santan was added. and boiled for 10 proceedingss in low temperature. Afterwards. they allowed the petals to immerse for another 10 proceedingss. The mixture was poured from the pan to a hurler utilizing a strainer in order to divide the flower deposit from the infusion. Afterwards. the infusion was tasted and was compared to a commercial juice drink. Then. the research workers stirred in a teaspoonful of sugar and a teaspoon of calamansi juice in a glass of santan infusion. Finally. the research workers added ice and allow the mixture iciness wholly. They once more compared the gustatory sensation of the prepared santan drink from a commercially produced drink. The methods that the researches used are found at World Wide Web. congocookbook. com. and at World Wide Web. yummly. com/recipe/Hibiscus-Tea. The research workers repeated the process utilizing fresh santan petals. They compared the juices that were made and recorded their observations. They besides requested other people outside their group to state the difference between the two drinks and compare it to commercially produced juices.

Statistics for Leap Day on February 29

Statistics for Leap Day on February 29 The following explore different statistical aspects of a leap year.  Leap years have one extra day due to an astronomical fact about the earth’s revolution around the sun.  Almost every four years it’s a leap year. It takes roughly 365 and one-quarter days for the earth to revolve around the sun, however, the standard calendar year lasts only 365 days. Were we to ignore the extra quarter of a day, strange things would eventually happen to our seasons - like winter and snow in July in the northern hemisphere. To counteract the accumulation of additional quarters of a day, the Gregorian calendar adds an extra day of February 29 nearly every four years. These years are called leap years, and February 29th is known as leap day. Birthday Probabilities Assuming that birthdays are spread uniformly throughout the year, a leap day birthday on February 29 is the least probable of all birthdays. But what is the probability and how could we calculate it? We start by counting the number of calendar days in a four-year cycle. Three of these years have 365 days in them. The fourth year, a leap year has 366 days. The sum of all of these is 365365365366 1461. Only one of these days is a leap day. Therefore the probability of a leap day birthday is 1/1461. This means that less than 0.07% of the world’s population was born on a leap day. Given current population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, only about 205,000 people in the U.S. have a February 29th birthday. For the world‘s population approximate 4.8 million have a February 29th birthday. For comparison, we can just as easily calculate the probability of a birthday on any other day of the year. Here we still have a total of 1461 days for every four years. Any day other than February 29 occurs four times in four years. Thus these other birthdays have a probability of 4/1461. The decimal representation of the first eight digits of this probability is 0.00273785. We could have also estimated this probability by calculating 1/365, one day out of the 365 days in a common year. The decimal representation of the first eight digits of this probability is 0.00273972. As we can see, these values match each other up to five decimal places. No matter which probability we use, this means that around 0.27% of the worlds population was born on a particular non-leap day. Counting Leap Years Since the institution of the Gregorian calendar in 1582, there have been a total of 104 leap days. Despite the common belief that any year that is divisible by four is a leap year, it’s not really true to say that every four years is a leap year. Century years, referring to years that end in two zeros such as 1800 and 1600 are divisible by four, but may not be leap years.  These century years count as leap years only if they are divisible by 400. As a result, only one out of every four years that end in two zeros is a leap year. The year 2000 was a leap year, however, 1800 and 1900 were not. The years 2100, 2200 and 2300 will not be leap years. Mean Solar Year The reason that 1900 was not a leap year has to do with the precise measurement of the average length of earth’s orbit. The solar year, or amount of time that it takes the earth to revolve around the sun, varies slightly over time. it is possible and helpful to find the mean of this variation.   The mean length of revolution is not 365 days and 6 hours, but instead 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes and 12 seconds. A leap year every four years for 400 years will result in three too many days being added during this time period. The century year rule was instituted to correct this overcounting.

Position Paper on Kouzes & Posner style of leadership Essay

Position Paper on Kouzes & Posner style of leadership - Essay Example The examples and case studies used in this humble work indicate my genuine concern to the area of their focus. To be precise, the paper as a whole tends to demonstrate the best model of leadership- a Kouzes-Posner perspective-that is apt to the changing socio-economic, cultural environment. Successful completion of every venture depends on well assigned goals and effective coordination of human efforts. Certain organizational objectives require long term endurance and strategic approach as the proverb reminds, â€Å"Rome is not built in a day.† In contrast, immediate strategies and intensive actions are essential for short term projects. Regardless of the condition (no matter political or organizational) leaders assigned to integrate the whole HR have pivotal roles and responsibilities in aligning the citizens/workforce to accomplish the intended mission. In other words, â€Å"those who are granted power must be held accountable†. (Gardner 1993, p. 153). The factors that determine the significance of an achievement are the pain, relentless efforts, perseverance and long term training undergone by individuals and groups. At this juncture, how these various factors could be integrated in a highly fragmented, social environment is the major concern of presen t day leadership. To my hunch, Kouzes-Posner could be the best model to illustrate the essentials of leadership. The theme lines of the story of the beautiful movie, ‘Stand and Deliver’ speak about the determining structure of any organization under the leadership of an effective manager. The story of the movie may be taken as a reflection of what actually happens in many organizational setups where raise and fall of a leader take very little time to happen (Jesness, 2002). From the light of the critical evaluation of the content covered in the article, the leadership issue hiding here is understood as ‘Strategic Leadership Failure’. According to

Researching Web 2.0 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Researching Web 2.0 - Essay Example It is a mind-set, not a hi-tech: An acceptance that Web 2.0 is not principally regarding a set of principles or apps, but a novel mindset to how the internet may be employed. Secondly it is a network upshot: This defines apps which are more efficient as the numbers of consumers increase. This outcome is renowned in computer set of connections, with the Web offering an illustration of how network jam may be more flexible as the numbers of tools on the Internet increases. Thirdly, it is a long tail: As the levels of subscribers of the Web increases, this may create business chances for niche marketplaces which formerly it might not have been lucrative to reach. It also includes small pieces, loosely related: As the scientific communications of the Web becomes stable, it becomes achievable to incorporate small apps. This allows services to be Data overload. In excess of information is day after day posted by numerous citizens with diverse notion. This creates disorder for the readers as well as the excellence of the content is not consistent. Today’s learners have been bought up with digital hi-techs at their fingertips. For this age band, utilizing Web 2.0 hi-tech at school may make education a lively rather than inactive medium, which improves the education process. With Web 2.0 hi-techs students may work together with others, make projects, converse the results to an actual audience, and obtain valuable response. Web 2.0 hi-tech may increase teaching opportunities and excellently equip learners with the 21st-century expertise essential for their future (Web 2.0, 2014). The company’s latest earnings shock helped to lift the share subsequent to numerous unsatisfactory reports during the past decade had sustained to discourage investors. Following up its concrete quarter with an additional round of products earnings would be tremendously motivating, and higher expenditure levels might be simply the ticket.

Barcode Reader Technology Overview

Barcode Reader Technology Overview A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry analyzing the barcodes image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcodes content to the scanners output port. Methods Scanning methods are distinguished by the amount of operator manipulation required: Pen or wand-type readers: requires the operator to swipe the pen over the code. Semi-automatic handheld readers: The operator need not swipe, but must at least position the reader near the label Fix-mount readers for automatic reading: The reading is performed laterally passing the label over the reader. No operator is required, but the position of the code target must coincide with the imaging capability of the reader and ll Reader gates for automatic scanning: The position of the code must be just under the gate for short time, enabling the scanner sweep to capture the code target successfully. Types Of Technology The reader types can be distinguished as follows: Pen Type Readers Pen type readers consist of a light source and a photodiode that are placed next to each other in the tip of a pen or wand. To read a bar code, the tip of the pen moves across the bars in a steady motion. The photodiode measures the intensity of the light reflected back from the light source and generates a waveform that is used to measure the widths of the bars and spaces in the bar code. Dark bars in the bar code absorb light and white spaces reflect light so that the voltage waveform generated by the photo diode is a representation of the bar and space pattern in the bar code. This waveform is decoded by the scanner in a manner similar to the way Morse code dots and dashes are decoded. Laser Scanners Laser scanners work the same way as pen type readers except that they use a laser beam as the light source and typically employ either a reciprocating mirror or a rotating prism to scan the laser beam back and forth across the bar code. As with the pen type reader, a photodiode is used to measure the intensity of the light reflected back from the bar code. In both pen readers and laser scanners, the light emitted by the reader is tuned to a specific frequency and the photodiode is designed to detect only this modulated light of the same frequency. CCD Readers CCD readers (also referred to as LED scanner) use an array of hundreds of tiny light sensors lined up in a row in the head of the reader. Each sensor measures the intensity of the light immediately in front of it. Each individual light sensor in the CCD reader is extremely small and because there are hundreds of sensors lined up in a row, a voltage pattern identical to the pattern in a bar code is generated in the reader by sequentially measuring the voltages across each sensor in the row. The important difference between a CCD reader and a pen or laser scanner is that the CCD reader is measuring emitted ambient light from the bar code whereas pen or laser scanners are measuring reflected light of a specific frequency originating from the scanner itself. Camera-Based Readers 2D imaging scanners are the fourth and newest type of bar code reader currently available. They use a small video camera to capture an image of a bar code. The reader then uses sophisticated digital image processing techniques to decode the bar code. Video cameras use the same CCD technology as in a CCD bar code reader except that instead of having a single row of sensors, a video camera has hundreds of rows of sensors arranged in a two dimensional array so that they can generate an image. There are a number of open source libraries for barcode reading from images. These include the ZXing project, which reads one- and two-dimensional barcodes using Android and JavaME, the JJIL project, which includes code for reading EAN-13 barcodes from cellphone cameras using J2ME, and Zebra (Changed name to ZBAR), which reads various one-dimensional barcodes in C. Even web site integration, either by image uploads (e.g. Folke Ashberg: EAN-13 Image-Scanning and code creation tools) or by use of plugins (e.g. the Barcodepedia uses a flash application and some web cam for querying a database), have been realized options for resolving the given tasks. Omni-Directional Barcode Scanners Omni-directional scanning uses series of straight or curved scanning lines of varying directions in the form of a starburst, a lissajous pattern, or other multiangle arrangement are projected at the symbol and one or more of them will be able to cross all of the symbols bars and spaces, no matter what the orientation. Omni-directional scanners almost all use a laser. Unlike the simpler single-line laser scanners, they produce a pattern of beams in varying orientations allowing them to read barcodes presented to it at different angles. Most of them use a single rotating polygonal mirror and an arrangement of several fixed mirrors to generate their complex scan patterns. Omni-directional scanners are most familiar through the horizontal scanners in supermarkets, where packages are slid across a glass or sapphire window. There are a range of different omni-directional units available which can be used for differing scanning applications, ranging from retail type applications with the barcodes read only a few centimetres away from the scanner to industrial conveyor scanning where the unit can be a couple of metres away or more from the code. Omni-directional scanners are also better at reading poorly printed, wrinkled, or even torn barcodes. Housing Types The reader packaging can be distinguished as follows: Handheld scanner: with a handle and typically a trigger button for switching on the light source. Pen scanner (or wand scanner): a pen-shaped scanner that is swiped. Stationary scanner: wall- or table-mounted scanners that the barcode is passed under or beside. These are commonly found at the checkout counters of supermarkets and other retailers. Fixed position scanner: an industrial barcode reader used to identify products during manufacture or logistics. Often used on conveyor tracks to identify cartons or pallets which need to be routed to another process or shipping location. Another application joins holographic scanners with a checkweigher to read bar codes of any orientation or placement, and weighs the package. Systems like this are used in factory and farm automation for quality management and shipping. PDA scanner: a PDA with a built-in barcode reader or attached barcode scanner e.g. Grabba. Automatic reader: a back office equipment to read barcoded documents at high speed (50,000/hour) e.g. Multiscan MT31 Methods Of Connection Early Serial Interfaces Early barcode scanners, of all formats, almost universally used the then-common RS232 serial interface. This was an electrically simple means of connection and the software to access it is also relatively simple, although needing to be written for specific computers and their serial ports.{10} Proprietary Interfaces There are a few other less common interfaces. These were used in large EPOS systems with dedicated hardware, rather than attaching to existing commodity computers. Wand emulation is another output type that takes the raw wave and decodes it, normalizing the output so it can be easily decoded by the host device. Wand emulation can also convert symbologies that may not be recognized by the host device into another symbology (typically Code 39) that can be easily decoded.{11} Keyboard Wedges With the popularity of the PC and its standard keyboard interface, it became ever easier to connect physical hardware to a PC and so there was commercial demand similarly to reduce the complexity of the associated software. Keyboard wedge hardware plugged between the PC and its normal keyboard, with characters from the barcode scanner appearing exactly as if they had been typed at the keyboard. This made the addition of simple barcode reading abilities to existing programs very easy, without any need to change them, although it did require some care by the user and could be restrictive in the content of the barcodes that could be handled. Later barcode readers began to use USB connectors rather than the keyboard port, as this became a more convenient hardware option. To retain the easy integration with existing programs, a device driver called a software wedge could be used, to emulate the keyboard-impersonating behaviour of the old keyboard wedge hardware. PS/2 Port Most barcode readers now use a PS/2 or USB cable for output: PS/2 cables are connected to the host computer in a Y formation, the PS/2 keyboard port with its first end, to the keyboard with its second, and to the barcode reader with its third end. The barcode characters are then received by the host computer as if they came from its keyboard decoded and converted to keyboard input within the scanner housing. This makes it easy to interface the bar code reader to any application that is written to accept keyboard input USB is supported by many newer scanners. In many cases a choice of USB interface types (HID, CDC) are provided. Some have Powered USB. Wireless Networking Modern handheld barcode readers are operated in wireless networks according to IEEE 802.11g (WLAN) or IEEE 802.15.3 (Blueooth). However, such configuration limits the time of operation from battery or rechargeable battery and required recharging at least after a shift of operation. Resolution The scanner resolution is measured by the size of the dot of light emitted by the reader. If this dot of light is wider than any bar or space in the bar code, then it will overlap two elements (two spaces or two bars) and it may produce wrong output. On the other hand, if a too small dot of light is used, then it can misinterpret any spot on the bar code making the final output wrong. The most commonly used dimension is 13 mils (0.3302 mm). As it is a very high resolution, it is extremely important to have bar codes created with a high resolution graphic application. While cell phone cameras are not suitable for many traditional barcodes, there are 2D barcodes (such as Semacode) which are optimized for cell phones. These open up a number of applications for consumers: Movies: DVD/VHS movie catalogs Music: CD catalogs, play MP3 when scanned Book catalogs Groceries, nutrition information, making shopping lists when the last of an item is used, etc. Personal Property inventory (for insurance and other purposes) Calling cards: 2D barcodes can store contact information for importing. Brick and mortar shopping: Portable scanners can be used to record items of interest for looking up online at home. Coupon management: weeding expired coupons. Personal finance. Receipts can be tagged with a barcode label and the barcode scanned into personal finance software when entering. Later, scanned receipt images can then be automatically associated with the appropriate entries. Later, the bar codes can be used to rapidly weed out paper copies not required to be retained for tax or asset inventory purposes. If retailers put barcodes on receipts that allowed downloading an electronic copy or encoded the entire receipt in a 2D barcode, consumers could easily import data into personal finance, property inventory, and grocery management software. Receipts scanned on a scanner could be automatically identified and associated with the appropriate entries in finance and property inventory software. Code 39 Code 39 (known as USS Code 39, Code 3/9, Code 3 of 9, USD-3, Alpha39, Type 39) is a barcode symbology that can encode uppercase letters (A through Z), digits (0 through 9) and a handful of special characters like the $ sign. A Code 39 Barcode Label The barcode itself does not contain a check digit (in contrast to—for instance—Code 128), but it can be considered self-checking by some; on the grounds that a single erroneously interpreted bar cannot generate another valid character. Possibly the most serious drawback of Code 39 is its low data density: It requires more space to encode data in Code 39 than, for example, in Code 128. This means that very small goods cannot be labeled with a Code 39 based barcode. However, Code 39 is still widely used and can be decoded with virtually any barcode reader. One advantage of Code 39 is that since there is no need to generate a check digit, it can easily be integrated into existing printing system by adding a barcode font to the system or printer and then printing the raw data in that font. The name Code 39 is derived from the fact that three of the nine elements that constitute a codeword are wide elements, the remaining six are narrow. Code 39 was developed by Dr. David Allais and Ray Stevens of Intermec in 1974. It was later standardised as ANSI MH 10.8 M-1983 and MIL-STD-1189. The width ratio between narrow and wide can be chosen between 1:2 and 1:3. The details of CODE 39 can be seen in Appendix A.